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Home > News & Policies > Policies in Focus > Energy
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Energy for America's Future
President George W. Bush gestures as he addresses an audience at the Limerick Generating Station in Limerick, Pa., Wednesday, May 24, 2006 , urging the the advancement of nuclear energy as part of a diversified U.S. energy policy that will make America less dependent on foreign sources of oil and more dependent on renewable sources of energy. White House photo by Kimberlee Hewitt
President George W. Bush gestures as he addresses an audience at the Limerick Generating Station in Limerick, Pa., Wednesday, May 24, 2006 , urging the the advancement of nuclear energy as part of a diversified U.S. energy policy that will make America less dependent on foreign sources of oil and more dependent on renewable sources of energy. White House photo by Kimberlee Hewitt
President Discusses Energy During Visit to Nuclear Generating Station in Pennsylvania
"So what I believe the American people should understand is that we can put policies in place that encourage economic growth, so you've got a better standard of living, and at the same time, become less dependent on energy from overseas and protect the environment. ... One of the reasons why your price of gasoline is going up is because demand for oil is increasing in places like India and China, and the supply for oil is not meeting that demand. And the key ingredient for gasoline is crude oil. So when the Chinese economy is growing, or the Indian economy is growing, and that demand is going up, so is your price at the pump."
-- President George W. Bush
May 24, 2006
The Advanced Energy Initiative: Ensuring a Clean, Secure Energy Future
On May 24, 2006, President Bush Discussed The Advanced Energy Initiative (AEI) – A Comprehensive Vision For A Clean, Secure Energy Future. The President's Advanced Energy Initiative promotes America's four main sources of electricity: coal, nuclear, natural gas, and renewable sources.
To Continue Economic Growth In A Competitive World, America Must Find Solutions To Its Energy Needs. Over the past 30 years, our economy has grown three times faster than our energy consumption. During that period, we created more than 55 million jobs, while cutting air pollution by 50 percent. But America’s dynamic economy is also creating a growing demand for electricity; electricity demand is projected to increase nearly 50 percent over the next 25 years.
As The Global Economy Becomes More Competitive, America Must Find New Alternatives To Oil, Pursue Promising New Technologies, And Find Better Ways To Generate More Electricity. America faces new energy challenges as countries like China and India consume more energy – especially oil. Global demand for oil is rising faster than global supply. As a result, oil prices are rising around the world, which leads to higher gas prices in America.
The President Is Working To Meet America’s Energy Demands And The Challenges Of The Global Economy By Developing Clean, Domestic, Affordable Supplies Of Energy. We must safeguard the environment, reduce our dependence on energy from abroad, and help keep prices reasonable for consumers.
Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power Is Abundant And Affordable. Nuclear power is America’s second-leading source of electricity. Today, more than 100 nuclear plants operate in 31 states. Once a nuclear plant is constructed, its fuel and operating costs are among the cheapest forms of energy available today.
Nuclear Power Is Clean. Nuclear power produces no air pollution or greenhouse gases, and there is a growing consensus that it is an environmentally responsible choice. Without nuclear energy, carbon dioxide emissions would have been 28 percent greater in the electricity industry in 2004, America would have an additional 700 million tons a year of carbon dioxide, and nitrogen-oxide emissions would rise by the equivalent of 58 million passenger cars.
Nuclear Power Is Safe. Advances in science, engineering, and plant design have made nuclear power plants far safer than ever before – plant workers and managers focus on security above all else.
President Bush Is Helping Expand America's Use Of Nuclear Power In Four Important Ways:
1. The Energy Bill The President Signed In 2005 Provides Loan Incentives, Production Tax Credits, And Federal Risk Insurance For Builders Of New Nuclear Plants. Loan incentives will give investors confidence that the Federal government is committed to the construction of nuclear power plants. Production tax credits will reward investments in the latest in advanced nuclear power generation. Federal risk insurance for the first six new nuclear power plants will help protect builders of these plants against lawsuits, bureaucratic obstacles, and other delays beyond their control.
2. The Bush Administration Has Launched The Nuclear Power 2010 Initiative – A $1.1 Billion Partnership Between The U.S. Government And Industry To Facilitate New Plant Orders. At this time last year, only two companies were seeking to build nuclear power plants. Now, 16 companies have expressed interest in new construction – and they are considering as many as 25 new plants. By the end of this decade, America will be able to start construction on nuclear plants again.
3. President Bush Has Proposed Legislation That Will Help Complete A Nuclear Waste Repository At Yucca Mountain. Yucca Mountain is critical to expanding nuclear power in the United States because it will provide a safe geologic repository to store spent fuel and nuclear waste. Yucca Mountain was selected based on sound science after many years of scientific study. Making Yucca Mountain fully operational would inspire confidence among builders and entrepreneurs that the government fully supports the expansion of nuclear power. The President urges Congress to pass this important legislation to move our efforts forward.
4. Under The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, America Will Work With Nations That Have Advanced Civilian Nuclear Energy Programs, Such As France, Japan, And Russia. The President's budget includes $250 million to launch this initiative.
*
GNEP Will Use New Technologies That Effectively And Safely Recycle Spent Nuclear Fuel. Re-processing spent uranium fuel for use in advanced reactors will allow us to extract more energy. It also has the potential to reduce storage requirements for nuclear waste by up to 90 percent. With re-processing, Yucca Mountain could hold America’s nuclear waste through the end of the 21st century.
*
Working With Other Nations Under The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership, America Can Provide The Cheap, Safe, And Clean Energy That Growing Economies Need, While Reducing The Risk Of Nuclear Proliferation. We will help developing countries meet their growing energy needs by providing them with small-scale reactors that will be secure and cost-effective. We will also ensure that developing nations have a reliable nuclear fuel supply. In exchange, these countries would agree to use nuclear power only for civilian purposes and forego uranium enrichment and re-processing activities that can be used to develop nuclear weapons.
Coal
President Bush Is Encouraging The Research And Development Of Clean-Coal Technologies. Coal is by far America’s most abundant and affordable energy resource. America has enough coal to last about 240 years at current rates of consumption.
*
In 2000, President Bush Promised To Invest $2 Billion Over Ten Years To Promote Clean Coal. The Administration is several years ahead of schedule in keeping that promise.
*
By 2012, Under The FutureGen Initiative, America Will Build The World’s First Power Plant To Run On Coal And Remove Virtually All Pollutants.
Natural Gas
The Energy Bill President Bush Signed In 2005 Addressed The Increasing Demand For Natural Gas. Natural gas is the most versatile fuel, but demand for it has increased, and the price has more than doubled between 2001 to 2005. The Energy Bill President Bush signed last year expands our ability to receive liquefied natural gas – a super-cooled form of natural gas that can be transported from overseas on tankers. The bill clarifies Federal authority to license new sites, reduces bureaucratic obstacles to open new terminals, and streamlines the permitting process for onshore development.
Alternative And Renewables
President Bush's FY2007 Budget Proposes $44 Million In Funding For Wind Energy Research.
*
About Six Percent Of The Continental United States Has Been Identified As Highly Suitable For Construction Of Wind Turbines. This area alone has the potential to supply up to 20 percent of our Nation’s electricity. Our goal is to expand the use and lower the cost of wind turbine technology – so that our country can get more electricity from clean, renewable wind power.
The President Has Proposed A New Solar America Initiative To Accelerate Research And Development In Solar Technology. Solar technology has the potential to change the way all Americans live and work. President Bush's FY2007 budget proposes nearly $150 million in funding for government and private research into solar technology – an increase of more than 75 percent over current levels. This support can help make solar power competitive by 2015.
The President Is Working To Boost Oil And Gas Supplies To Relieve High Gas Prices.
In April, President Bush Directed The Strategic Petroleum Reserve To Defer Filling The Reserve This Summer. In addition, he has directed EPA Administrator Steve Johnson to use all his available authority to grant waivers that would relieve the restrictions on getting fuel delivered to the pump. The President has also called on Congress to simplify the process for building new refineries and to make it easier for refiners to make modifications to increase production.
We Need More Access To The Domestic Resources On The Outer Continental Shelf, While Respecting The Concerns Of Nearby States. In the long term, America must find alternatives to oil and the way we power our cars.
It will take time for America to move from a hydrocarbon economy to a hydrogen economy. In the meantime, there are billions of barrels of oil and enormous amounts of natural gas off the Alaskan Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico.
Speeches & News Releases
May 25, 2006
President Applauds House Vote Approving Energy Exploration in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
May 24, 2006
President Discusses Energy During Visit to Nuclear Generating Station in Pennsylvania
May 24, 2006
Fact Sheet: The Advanced Energy Initiative: Ensuring a Clean, Secure Energy Future
May 3, 2006
President Bush Meets with Members of Congress, Discusses Energy Policy
April 28, 2006
Fact Sheet: CAFE Reform for Passenger Cars
April 27, 2006
President Discusses Refining Capacity in Biloxi, Mississippi
More News »
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Clay Sell, Deputy Secretary of Energy May 25, 2005
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January 5, 2005
Making New Energy Sources An Easier 'Cell'
A Mountain View company hopes to make fuel cells more efficient by creating a better electricity conductor, which could mean longer running, battery-powered consumer devices.
By Karen Epper Hoffman
It's a given: Old energy sources such as oil and the lithium battery will ultimately be replaced by fuel cells, which will create enough clean power to less expensively and more efficiently run everything from cars to computers.
Click here
to see Polyfuel's membrane
With the promise of automobiles that no longer depend on foreign gas and laptops that run three times as long without plugging in, it's no wonder electronics manufacturers, auto makers, and pioneering start-ups are scrambling to create the best fuel cell.
But PolyFuel, a Mountain View, California technology company, has approached the fuel cell problem from a different angle. It doesn't aspire to build a better power source, but rather to make current designs work better by refining its central component: the membrane.
At its heart, a fuel cell is essentially a two-sided chemical reaction chamber -- an anode and a cathode, separated by a membrane. The fuel cell creates power by splitting fuel molecules on one side -- the anode -- into positive protons and negative electrons, and running the negative particles out.
The membrane, a specially treated material which typically looks like a piece of cellophane, is in essence the straw that stirs the drink. Coated with a catalyst such as platinum power on carbon paper, the membrane encourages the positive protons to pass through it and react with oxygen (creating a by-product of water), while forcing the electrons to flow out of the cell where they create electrical current.
No matter what kind of fuel is being used, the membrane plays a central role in the whole process. And it's a tricky job at that. The material used to make the membrane needs to survive a challenging environment, while acting as a conductor and an insulator. The membrane's performance makes a big difference in how much energy is created, how much excess water or humidity is produced, and how durable and expensive the fuel cell is.
Believers say that fuel cells could eventually replace the gas tanks in our cars, and, in the shorter term, the batteries in our portable devices. Over the years, companies have experimented with a variety of potential fuels, but in general, the most popular developments have focused on hydrogen fuel cells for cars and methanol for "micro fuel cells", those smaller versions of the power source used to run cell phones, laptops and the like.
While fuel cells have gained notoriety recently as the future consumer electronics' power source, hydrogen-based fuel cells have been used for decades to create power and water on space missions. Materials such as DuPont's Nafion have been used for the membrane for these fuel cells, but would-be competitors such as PolyFuel say that these traditional membranes are not ideally suited to the needs of a fuel cell that would power a car or a laptop.
"They've taken [the same] technology designed for the Gemini space program and tried to shoehorn it into auto and portable applications," says Jim Balcom, president and CEO of PolyFuel.
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Source: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Posted: May 30, 2006
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Physicists Persevere In Quest For Inexhaustible Energy Source
As gas prices soar and greenhouse gases continue to blanket the atmosphere, the need for a clean, safe and cheap source of energy has never seemed more pressing.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. (Image courtesy of ITER)
Scientists have long worked to meet that need, exploring alternative energy technologies such as wind and solar power. But, after decades of quiet progress, the spotlight is now on another potentially inexhaustible energy source.
Seven countries signed an agreement in Brussels last week (May 24) to launch construction of the multibillion dollar International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in southern France. The largest fusion-energy experiment ever conducted, ITER is the culmination of years of research by scores of scientists, and is poised to answer long-standing questions about the real-world viability of fusion energy. The United States, China, the European Union, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation are joint sponsors of the project, which will experimentally generate up to 500 million watts of energy.
An international collective of physicists and engineers is working to both complement and lend expertise directly to the ITER initiative - and researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are firmly placed among them.
"[ITER] is a major threshold that we've been waiting to get to for 20 years," says Raymond Fonck, a UW-Madison professor of engineering physics and the chief scientist of ITER's U.S. project office. "The project is the No. 1 priority in fusion research in the country and the world, and essentially takes us to a regime we've never been to before."
Fusion energy describes the energy that is released when atomic particles "fuse" together to form heavier particles. The process is fundamental to our universe, fueling both the sun and the stars. Here on Earth, physicists have tried to harness the energy potential of nuclear fusion by working with plasma, essentially a collection of particles, such as hydrogen nuclei, that carry electric charge. Because hydrogen can be easily extracted from seawater - a cheap and abundant resource - scientists have been tantalized by the prospect of plasma one day serving as an inexhaustible fuel.
But plasma has to be very, very hot - on the order of millions of degrees - for its gas particles to efficiently collide and release energy. "Basically, we're trying to make a sun here on Earth," says Stewart Prager, a UW-Madison physics professor, who also advises the U.S. government on national fusion-energy research. "But it turns out to be one of the most difficult scientific problems in the world."
One of the biggest hurdles, of course, is finding a container that can hold searing hot plasma without burning down itself. Scientists have been working around the problem by using invisible magnetic fields to hold the plasma in place, but they are still searching for the most efficient and optimal ways to do it. UW-Madison scientists are delving into pure physics and engineering research questions surrounding the issue. Their work both complements ITER's goals and, in a sense, looks one step beyond it.
Prager and his team, for instance, run the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) - the largest fusion-energy experiment on campus. Shaped like a donut, the MST holds plasma heated to 10 million degrees. But instead of using a strong magnetic field to hold the plasma, Prager is exploring whether weaker - and therefore more economical - magnetic fields could accomplish the same task. The work has led to new insights about properties of plasma, and, in turn, has given rise to unique partnerships with astrophysicists, who are using the MST to explore basic questions about the plasma around black holes, galactic discs and other mysterious happenings of the solar system.
"We are now starting to appreciate and explore links between plasmas in the lab and plasmas in the universe, which is really interesting," Prager says.
Working with a device known as Pegasus, Fonck and his group are also exploring weaker magnetic fields, but are approaching the issue in a different way. Unlike the donut shape of the MST, the plasma within Pegasus looks more like a ball with a small hole in it, which influences how the plasma behaves. Fonck's work relies on the same fundamental physics that is at the heart of ITER's design, and could one day lead to new methods for testing large-scale components in future fusion reactors.
David Anderson, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and another plasma researcher at UW-Madison, recently made waves when he designed a new device that holds plasma within a magnetic field, without an electric current in the plasma to power the field.
"The current is running in external wires and not in the plasma itself, and that represents a tremendous engineering advantage," says Anderson, who works with a plasma instrument known as the Helically Symmetric eXperiment, the only machine of its kind in the world. Plasma can become unstable in the presence of a current, so Anderson is exploring ways to trick the plasma into staying in place by twisting the surrounding magnetic field into a special - and highly complicated - shape.
"It's very exciting to work on something that's totally new and offers potential advantages to the field," says Anderson. "A lot of what we're all doing here in Wisconsin is looking for what the next research steps will be beyond ITER. In that way, we really do have a unique place in the world's fusion-energy research program."
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