FATHER. WE PRAY ALL RECEIVE THE DESERVING BLESSINGS OF WEALTH AND CONTINUED PROSPERITY. HOWEVER, FOR THOSE WHO WEALTH WILL NOT BE ATTAINED, WE PRAY THEY BE GRANTED THE JUST OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE THEIR FAMILIES AND THEMSELVES WITH THE NECESSARIES OF LIFE.
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CLASSISM
Stratification
Founding Fathers
No Oligarchy=Aristocracy
The Few v The Many
No Ruling Class
Elitism v Democracy
IS OUR THREE TIERED DEMOCRACY
ABOUT TO BECOME
A TWO TIERED OLIGARCHY?
IS AMERICA BECOMING
A CORPORATE OLIGARCHY?
WHAT IMPACT DOES THIS HAVE ON OUR
REPUBLICAN-DEMOCRACY?
PLATO’S IMPORTANT QUESTION
Plato questioned his students. In effect, who is greater, The Few who are The Strong; or, The Many who are The Weak? The historic conclusion: The Many were The Greater and The Stronger. In reality, all considered, over the long term, The Many are the victors. The Few cannot infinitely oppress The Weak – The Many. It becomes a question to numbers [QUANTITATIVE] and stamina. Eventually, the Many will wear down the Few. Or, otherwise, rise in revolution. Over the long run, the indisputable truth is: economic, political ethical strength rests in the hands of the MANY. This historic analysis has proven a truism.
Eventually, resulting in The Enlightenment; the first conceptualization of modern republican-democracy. JFK was correct. All boats in the harbor must rise; not just a few. [SEE: The collapse of: The Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, The British Empire, The Soviet Union, etc. as history obsessively repeats itself.]
Exact class lines are difficult, if not impossible, for outsiders to draw, and there is no agreement on precisely where they lie. Some argue that class is more of a continuum than a phenomenon of discrete categories. For many individuals, social class is more a matter of self-identification in terms of how the person views his or her relationship to society, particularly along the most fuzzy borders, like that between "middle class" and "upper-middle class". Sociological models depict society as having as few as two or as many as nine social classes, with the admission of "fuzziness" at the interfaces of classes. Most Americans, when asked, describe themselves as some variant of "middle class". Many sociologists, and popular sociology, use a five-class model, which includes:
consisting of multiple elites. Membership in one elite may or may not connote membership in another. Extreme wealth, a notable name or accomplishment, or celebrity will usually bring an individual into this class, although most enjoy membership as a legacy of inherited wealth or familial prominence. Some allege that the American upper class sustains itself, and secures continued advantage, through social connections and networking rather than hard work. It is true that most Americans remain at roughly the same socioeconomic level into which they were born. While drastic upward mobility is possible, it is not common. Statistically, most mobility occurs in small degrees. For example, one born into the "middle-middle" class may become part of the "upper-middle" class in adulthood. Nonetheless, there are instances of Horatio Alger stories. For example, Andrew Carnegie exemplified a "rags-to-riches" existence. Members of this class generally make (gross) more than $500,000 to $600,000 per year.
A largely professional upper-middle class. Individuals within this class rarely have the elite social privileges lavished upon the upper-class, but normally have access to high-quality education. Individuals within this class typically make between $75,000 and $200,000 per year, though individuals with smaller incomes but valuable cultural capital (such as graduate and professional students) are sometimes included, as would be a well-to-do "stay-at-home" homemaker who declines occupational work by choice. Since class has as much to do with occupational prestige and lifestyle as with salary, highly-compensated blue collar workers are usually not considered "upper-middle class".
A "middle-middle" class that, some evidence indicates, is decreasing in number. Corporatedownsizing and the loss of manufacturing jobs has eliminated many of the skilled unionized jobs that provide membership within this class. As a result, many individuals within this group have drifted either into more skilled work, in the professional sectors (upper-middle class) or have fallen downward into the service sectors (lower-middle class). The state of the economy at a given time depends which trend is more prevalent; during strong economies, laid-off people are more likely to be better- than worse-off in subsequent jobs. During weak economies, the opposite is true. According to the White House's Economic Statistics Briefing Room, the median household income in the United States was $44,389 in 2004.[1]
A lower-middle class,
or "working poor".
These individuals usually have very limited personal capital, and their occupational and educational skills are normally restricted to one type of work. Largely working in semi-skilled or unskilled service jobs, individuals within this social class often face varying hours, unpleasant occupational environments, and impersonal supervisors. Without higher education, they have very little social mobility— about 1/3 as much as those in Scandinavian social democracies like Sweden. By global standards, some of these individuals might be considered materially privileged, but they suffer from the same subjective ailments (low self-esteem, stress and high depression rates) experienced by the poor of other societies. The Paradox of Choice: Why More is Less, by Barry Schwartz, might explain this: material plenty has only a small effect of subjective happiness, while perceived low status leads frequently to a higher likelihood of depression, anxiety, poor self-image, and bad health. (However, these ailments affect some individuals in every social class, and therefore in many cases cannot be attributed to sociological causes.) However it has been common in the past 60 years or so for children from a working poor family to work their way up to eventual middle or upper class.
David B. Grusky (Editor) Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective (2000)
Alan C. Kerckhoff; Socialization and Social Class 1972, textbook
Jim Lardner, James Lardner, David A. Smith, editors, Inequality Matters: The Growing Economic Divide In America And Its Poisonous Consequences, WW Norton (January, 2006), hardcover, 224 pages, ISBN 1565849957
Rhonda F. Levine, ed. Social Class and Stratification (1998), anthology of classic articles
W. Lloyd Warner; Marchia Meeker and Kenneth Eells; Social Class in America: A Manual of Procedure for the Measurement of Social Status 1949
Erik Olin Wright. Classe (1997) - a detailed Marxian guide to define working class/middle class etc.
Michael Zweig, Working Class Majority: America's Best Kept Secret, Cornell University Press (2001), trade paperback, 198 pages, ISBN 0801487277
David Popenoe, Sociology, (ninth edition, Prentice Hall, 1993 ISBN 0138197989 ) pb. pp. 232-236,
This page was last modified 02:03, 6 June 2006. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (see Copyrights for details).
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.
roughly 18% of the U.S. population can be characterized as upper middle class. This is the well-educated, highly skilled portion of the population which works in executive and professional fields. Their work plays a central part in their lives and in their self- and public-image. They may have modest investments in industry and business, but generally depend on income from remunerative work. A portion of the upper middle class are owners of small businesses. The historical bourgeoisie, considered as a class which supports itself through investment and management of capital, is split in the United States between the upper middle class and the upper class.
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